Estimation of exposure and premature mortality from near-roadway fine particulate matter concentrations emitted by heavy-duty diesel trucks in Beijing
2022
Zhang, Beibei | Cheng, Shifen | Lu, Feng | Lei, Mei
Traffic exhaust is a main source of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) in cities. Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs), the primary mode of freight transport, contribute significantly to PM₂.₅, posing a great threat to public health. However, existing research based on dispersion models to simulate pollutant concentrations lacks high-spatiotemporal-resolution emission inventories of HDDTs as input data, and the public health effects of such emissions in different populations have not been thoroughly assessed. To fill this gap, we focused on Beijing as the research area and developed a high-resolution PM₂.₅ emission inventory for HDDTs based on Global Navigation Satellite System-equipped vehicle trajectory data. We then simulated the fine-scale spatial distribution of diesel-related PM₂.₅ and assessed the population exposure by integrating the dispersion model and population distributions. Further, we quantified the mortality attributable to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) plus lower respiratory infections (LRIs) related to PM₂.₅ emissions from HDDTs. Results showed that 3.3% of Beijing people lived in areas with high PM₂.₅ HDDT emissions, which were near intercity highways. Furthermore, the estimated number of NCD + LRI annual premature deaths attributed to PM₂.₅ HDDT emissions in Beijing was 339 (95% CI: 276–401). The NCD + LRI mortality increased with age, and deaths were more frequent in males than females. Our results aid the identification of HDDT PM₂.₅ emission exposure hotspots for the formulation of effective mitigation measures and provide important insights into the adverse health impacts of HDDT emissions.
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