Analysis of variations in the regime of rivers and lakes in the Upper Volga and Upper Zapadnaya Dvina based on archaeological-geomorphological data
2010
Panin, A. V. | Nefedov, V. S.
The geomorphological and altitudinal positions of occupational layers corresponding to 1224 colonization epochs at 870 archaeological sites in river valleys and lake depressions in southwestern Tver province. A series of alternating low-water (low levels of seasonal peaks, many-year periods without inundation of floodplains) and high-water (high spring floods, regular inundation of floodplains) intervals of various hierarchical rank was identified. In low-water epoch, an increase was recorded in the share of settlements on low elevations, including river and lake floodplains now subject to inundation. The archaeological epochs 2-3 Ky in length were found to form the following series from high-water to low-water: Mesolithic (11.8-8.0 Ky ago)-Iron age (2.8-0.3)-Neolithic (8.0-5.0)-Bronze epoch (5.0-2.8). The first half of the Iron age (2.8-1.8 Ky ago) was extremely water-abundant, while its second half (middle ages) was dry (relative to the present time). A correlation between the hydrological and temperature regimes was identified: low-water epochs closely correlate with warm epochs, while high-water ones correlate with cold epochs. This can be associated with the specific features of the present-day type of water regime with dominating spring flood; this regime is supposed to have existed during the most part of the Holocene: the runoff and the levels of floods decline during warming epochs and increase during cooling epochs.
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