Geographical Patterns of Variation in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection: II. Allozyme Frequencies
1991
Perry, M. C. | McIntosh, M. S. | Stoner, A. K.
Allozyme frequencies can be used as quick and inexpensive measures for determining patterns of diversity in germplasm collections. Our objective was to describe the extent of geographical diversity present in five enzymes controlled by seven variable protein loci (13 alleles) for 2236 accessions of Glycine max (L.) Merr. in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. These accessions represent the entire range of geographical origins in the collection. Countries of origin were grouped into 15 regions based on geography and number of accessions. Assays were performed for leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Each locus had two alleles, except that Sod2 had three and MDH was monomorphic. Total gene diversity was low for all loci except Pg12 and Pgd1. The proportion of the total diversity between regions was relatively high for Sod2. Canonical discriminant and cluster analyses resulted in five clusters, each containing a single region (Africa, Central China, Southwest Central Asia, India, or the New World) and one cluster that contained I0 regions (Chungchong, Korea; Cholla, Korea; Europe; Japan, Jilin, China; Kyonggi, Korea; Kyongsang, Korea; Korea; North China; and Southeast Asia) and 85% of all accessions. This indicates that allele frequencies at these loci were poor discriminators of phenotypic diversity. Additional enzyme loci and other morphological and physiological characters should be used to assist in the further description of this collection.
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