Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment : Environmental and molecular properties
1997
Saski, Eija K. | Mikkola, Raimo | Kukkonen, Jussi V. K. | Salkinoja-Salonen, Mirja S.
Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m³ outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g⁻¹ of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g⁻¹ of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log Kᵒʷ of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol⁻¹ for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol⁻¹ for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol⁻¹, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol⁻¹. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.
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