Effect of gibberellin, nano-nutrition with titanium, zinc and iron on yield and some physiological and qualitative traits of white beans

Plant nutrition has a vital role in crop production. This study was performed to investigate the effects of different application methods of some nutrients (nano Fe, Zn, and Ti), and gibberellin on yield, some morphophysiological and grain protein of white beans in 2018 as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental factors included seed priming (hydropriming, gibberellin priming, titanium nano dioxide, and nano-Zn priming) and micronutrient foliar spraying (zinc, iron, and zinc + iron). The results illustrated that seed priming and foliar application significantly affected yield, yield components and chlorophyll content. Plant height increased in seed priming treatment with gibberellin and foliar application of zinc + iron by 13% compared to the control. Furthermore, this treatment enhanced the number of sub-branches per plant by 32% compared to the control. Grain yield components such as the number of pods per plant and 100-grain weight were also affected by seed priming with nano-Zn, and the simultaneous spraying of iron and zinc that grain yield by 18%, so that grain yield by 2649 kg ha–1 in hydropriming treatment reached to 3211 kg ha–1 in nano-Zn priming with simultaneous application of zinc and iron. Nano-Zn priming with iron foliar application caused the highest biological yield (9011 kg ha–1), which increased by 19% compared to control. Nano-Zn priming increased grain protein percentage by 21%. This treatment along with the foliar application of zinc + iron, significantly enhanced leaf chlorophyll content compared to other treatments. Therefore, to increase the yield of white beans, priming treatment with nano-Zn as well as foliar application of zinc + iron can be used.