Comparative phytotoxicity of the fumonisins, AAL-toxin and yeast sphingolipids in Lemna minor L. (Duckweed)
1992
Vesonder, R.F. | Peterson, R.E. | Labeda, D. | Abbas, H.K.
Fumonisin B-1 and AAL-toxin, both of which contain sphingolipid-like substituents, are water-soluble metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme and Alternaria alternata, respectively. These two toxins were compared to each other and to tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS) and triacetyldihydrosphingosine (TADS) for effects on chlorophyll production and growth in Lemna minor L. (duckweed). Fumonisin B-1 (0.7 mu-g), TAPS, and TADS all produced parallel effects on growth rate and chlorophyll content; however, FB-1 did so at a 33-fold lower concentration. The AAL-toxin at 0.7 mu-g affects chlorophyll content more than plant growth (36% versus 73%, respectively), whereas at 3.3 mu-g concentration, the growth rate was less than 50% and chlorophyll content was reduced by 80%. By contrast, the hydrolysis product of FB-1 that does not contain the tricarballylic acid (TCA) substituent is 23 times less active, which suggests that this component somehow enhances activity. The yeast sphingolipids are completely acetylated and do not contain TCA groups but also affect chlorophyll content and growth rate of duckweed. However, the effect was substantial less than with AAL-toxin and FB-1, which contain one and two TCA groups, respectively.
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