Effect of temperature variations on the travel time of infiltrating water in the Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes (the Netherlands) | Effet des variations de la température sur le temps de transit de l’eau d’infiltration dans les Dunes d’Approvisionnement en Eau d‘Amsterdam (Pays Bas) Efecto de las variaciones de temperatura en el tiempo de tránsito de las aguas infiltradas en las Dunas para el Abastecimiento de Agua en Ámsterdam (Países Bajos) 温度变化对阿姆斯特丹供水沙丘(荷兰)入渗水运移时间的影响 Efeito das variações da temperatura no tempo de deslocamento da água infiltrada nas Dunas de Armazenamento de Água em Amsterdam (Países Baixos)
2019
Liu, Sida | Zhou, Yangxiao | Kamps, Pierre | Smits, Frank | Olsthoorn, Theo
Travel time is one of the important criteria in the design of managed aquifer recharge systems for securing good drinking water quality. Traditionally, groundwater travel time has been modelled without considering the effect of temperature. In this study, a cross-sectional heat transport model was constructed for the Amsterdam dune filtration system (in the Netherlands) to analyse the effect of temperature on groundwater travel times. A groundwater flow model, a chloride transport model, and a heat transport model were iteratively calibrated with measured groundwater levels, chloride concentrations, and temperature series in order to improve model calibration and reduce model uncertainty. The coupled flow and heat transport model with temperature-dependent density and viscosity provided more accurate estimation of travel times. The results show that seasonal temperature fluctuations in the source water in the infiltration pond cause temperature variations in the shallow groundwater. Viscosity is more sensitive to temperature changes and has a larger effect on groundwater travel times. Groundwater travel time in the shallow sand aquifer increases from 60 days when computed with the traditional groundwater flow model to 73 days in the winter season and 95 days in the summer season when computed with the coupled model. Longer travel time is beneficial for water quality improvement. Thus, it is important to consider the effect of temperature variations on groundwater travel times for the design and operation of managed aquifer recharge systems.
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