Control of plant diseases in Punjab -current status and future strategies
2011
Singh, Narinder
The research work conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology with the help of Ad-hoc projects funded by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indo –French Centre for Promotion of Advanced Research (IFCPAR), New Delhi, DST-DAAD under German Academic Exchange programme New Delhi, and collaboration with Ohio State University lead to selection of isolates of antagonists viz. Trichoderma (Th38 and Tv34), fluorescent Pseudomonas (Pf5 and Pf7), Bacillus subtilis (Bs5), non-pathogenic Fusarium (Fo52) and Epicoccum purpurescens (Ep5) as potential biocontrol agents. The selected antagonists are highly effective against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum causing diseases in vegetable crops. The Epicoccum purpureascens was found highly antagonistic to Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum capsci causing charcoal rot and anthracnose of cucurbits respectively. The production of chyrsin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, antagonistic compounds as metabolites of E. purpureascens were recognised for the first time. The potato seed tubers treatment with wet formulation of T.viride has been recommended for the control of black scurf of potato by the PAU. Many Trichoderma isolates were obtained from the soil samples collected throughout the Punjab and identified. The population of the T. harzianum was found abundant as compared to other species, T. viride, T. reesei and T. koningii. The selected isolates of Trichoderma spp.were highly effective to minimise the disease incidence in field conditions. The various isolates of Trichoderma were also effective to minimise the stem and head rot of sunflower due to S. sclerotiorum. The selected isolated T. harzianum and T. viride, both significantly reduced the development of chickpea wilt due to F. oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. Preparations of Trichoderma and fluorescent Pseudomonas significantly reduced the occurrence and intensity of sheath rot and sheath blight of rice. The mutant of T. harzianum showed better efficacy for the biocontrol of black scurf of potato as compared to parent isolate. Trichoderma and fluorescent Pseudomonas showed better biocontrol potentiality as compared to other antagonists. Number of new strains of Trichderma viride, T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens has been isolated from different cropping systems and has been used against soil borne diseases like Foot rot of rice, Foot rot of citrus and Pea wilt. Work has also been done on in situ enumeration of biocontrol bacteria and genetic characterization of molecular mechanisms for pathogen inhibition done at Ohio State University, USA. Recently two recommendations has been made on management of pea wilt and Foot rot of basmati rice through bioagents for the state farmers.
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