Agricultural wilding: rewilding for agricultural landscapes through an increase in wild productive systems

Introducing wild crops and plants complements intentions for improved biodiversity outcomes in agricultural landscapes; and provides opportunity for in-situ conservation of a diverse range of wild plants and crops, and improved connectivity between conserved areas. This opinion article considers definitions and common value of conserving wild crops and plants, and crop wild relatives, in-situ and ex-situ. Rewilding definitions and common uses for policy and practice are described. The Ecological Sensitivity within Human Realities (ESHR) concept was developed to guide human natural-environment interactions in agricultural systems and landscapes for improved functional biodiversity outcomes. It is used to assess possible appropriateness of rewilding for agricultural systems and landscapes. The assessment demonstrates how agricultural systems and landscapes are often excluded, despite appearing a useful term to encourage such conservation efforts. The importance of a more specific term rather than a more specific definition and use of rewilding is suggested. Agricultural wilding is introduced as a more specific term for introducing and conserving wild crops and plants for agricultural purposes, as wild productive systems, useful for policy or other approaches the guide human natural-environment interactions. The conceptual approach to the article provides theoretical suggestions for minimum proportions of wild crops and plants for wild productive systems according to native and non native landscapes. From a conceptual to applied discussion, relevance of agricultural wilding for coffee farming landscapes is explained in some depth, and for an existing biodiversity campaign and an EU agricultural policy, briefly.