Investigation of 235U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, and heavy metal concentrations in Anzali international wetland using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy
2016
Zare, Mohammad Reza | Kamālī, Mahdī | Fallahi Kapourchali, Maryam | Bagheri, Hashem | Khoram Bagheri, Mahdi | Abedini, Ali | Pakzad, Hamid Reza
Measurements of natural radioactivity levels and heavy metals in sediment and soil samples of the Anzali international wetland were carried out by two HPGe-gamma ray spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. The concentrations of ²³⁵U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs in sediment samples ranged between 1.05 ± 0.51–5.81 ± 0.61, 18.06 ± 0.63–33.36 ± .0.34, 17.57 ± 0.38–45.84 ± 6.23, 371.88 ± 6.36–652.28 ± 11.60, and 0.43 ± 0.06–63.35 ± 0.94 Bq/kg, while in the soil samples they vary between 2.36–5.97, 22.71–38.37, 29.27–42.89, 472.66–533, and 1.05–9.60 Bq/kg for ²³⁵U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs, respectively. Present results are compared with the available literature data and also with the world average values. The radium equivalent activity was well below the defined limit of 370 Bq/kg. The external hazard indices were found to be less than 1, indicating a low dose. Heavy metal concentrations were found to decrease in order as Fe > Mn > Sr > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd. These measurements will serve as background reference levels for the Anzali wetland.
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