Secular Trends and Association of Adolescent Dietary Patterns with Alcohol and Tobacco Use and Dietary Behaviors: Using 12-Year Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2022
Park, J.Y. | Baik, I.K.
This study explored the dietary patterns of Korean adolescents, examined the secular trends between the years 2007 and 2018, and investigated the associations of the dietary patterns with alcohol and tobacco use and dietary behaviors, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). From a sample of 5,197 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, three types of dietary patterns derived using factor analysis were identified: 1) The healthy and traditional pattern characterized by the consumption of grains, meats, seafood, and vegetables; 2) The fast-food pattern characterized by the consumption of fast foods and soft drinks; 3) The western dietary pattern characterized by consumption of bread and dairy products. We observed a secular increase in the proportion of adolescents who have the fast-food pattern. In the association results from the logistic regression analysis, the fast-food pattern was observed to be positively associated with skipping breakfast, consuming alcohol, smoking tobacco, and eating out and inversely associated with having family mealtimes. On the contrary, the healthy and traditional pattern was observed to be positively associated with having family mealtimes and inversely associated with skipping meals and alcohol consumption. The western dietary pattern was inversely associated with tobacco use and skipping breakfast. Based on the findings that Korean adolescents who frequently consume fast foods as is increasingly common in recent years are likely to have unfavorable behavior and a lower chance of experiencing family mealtimes, we suggest that intensive nutrition education programs encouraging and supporting adolescents and their families to have a healthier diet should be developed.
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