Village Capacities and Village Enterprises in Korean Rural Villages : A Case Study on Songra Village in Gyeonggi Province in 1960s and 1970s
2022
Song, H.J.
This article examines the contribution of village capacity to the establishment and operation of village enterprises through the case of rural villages in Korea in the 1960s and 1970s. Previous studies have analyzed factors affecting rural development in Korea by dividing them into government, village leader, and village residents. The existing experiences of cooperation among village people and the village-level cooperative organizations in the 1960s closely connected to the Saemaul Undong in the 1970s. However, this continuity has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore this study empirically analyzed how the village's capabilities contributed to the operation of the village business, an economic cooperative organization at the village level, by selecting Songra Village, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do as the case. Specifically, I analysed three research questions. First, I explore how the cooperative experience of social organizations within the village functioned as a resource for the establishment of village businesses. Secondly, I examined how the face-to-face relationship of villagers contributed to the reduction of transaction costs of village business operation. Thirdly, I analyzed how Daedongkye, a village operating organization, was utilized for the smooth operation of village businesses. Overall, this study is meaningful in that it focused on continuity between the cooperative experience of villagers and the cooperative organizations, particularly paying attention to the rural village, a social unit. In addition, it provides policy implications for the need to pay attention to and nurture social relations among village residents in the village to revitalize rural areas.
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