Regard critique sur les impacts socio-économiques et écologiques des peuplements d’eucalyptus au Burundi

English. peer reviewed

English. The widespread adoption of eucalyptus for reforestation schemes and its rapid spread into village plots in Burundi are attracting severe criticism. Policy decisions, although contested, are at risk of undermining reforestation efforts in a country whose natural landscape only survives in protected areas. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the Eucalyptus genus is highly valued among Burundians as a wood-producing species, and that its socio-economic success should not be underestimated in reforestation and environmental management programmes. Our methodology involved collecting field data on the importance of eucalyptus in Burundi by estimating the frequency of its products at the main timber sales points in Bujumbura, and of eucalyptus seedlings produced by projects and programmes having reforestation as part of their remit. Our results show that despite its potential environmental impacts, eucalyptus is by far the preferred and most widely adopted species for reforestation in Burundi. It is the predominant species in the production of seedlings for reforestation as well as for wood products sold. Eucalyptus is prized by local populations for its contribution to live-lihoods and for its many uses. The negative image that tends to be attached to it may therefore stem from misconceived expectations and poor practices (stand management and soil treatments, duration of rotations, etc.). The data in this study clarifies controversial information and contributes to a better understanding of plantations of eucalyptus and exotic species, with a view to improving their management.