B-type esterases in the snail <em>Xeropicta derbentina</em>: an enzymological analysis to evaluate their use as biomarkers of pesticide exposure
2009
Laguerre, Christel | Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C. | Köhler, Heinz-R. | Triebskorn, Rita | Capowiez, Yvan | Rault, Magali | Mazzia, Christophe | Abeilles et Environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU) | Santé Végétale (SV) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB) | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) | Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen | Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. The study was prompted to characterize the B-type esterase activities in the terrestrial snail <em>Xeropicta derbentina</em> and to evaluate its sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Specific cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities were mainly obtained with acetylthiocholine (Km =77.2 mM; Vmax= 38.2 mU/mg protein) and 1-naphthyl acetate (Km= 222 mM, Vmax= 1095 mU/mg protein) substrates, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase activity was concentration-dependently inhibited by chlorpyrifos-oxon, dichlorvos, carbaryl and carbofuran (IC50 =1.35 x 105–3.80 x 108 M). The organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity was reactivated in the presence of pyridine-2- aldoxime methochloride. Carboxylesterase activity was inhibited by organophosphorus insecticides (IC50 =1.20 x 105–2.98 x 108 M) but not by carbamates. B-esterase-specific differences in the inhibition by organophosphates and carbamates are discussed with respect to the buffering capacity of the carboxylesterase to reduce pesticide toxicity. These results suggest that B-type esterases in<em> X. derbentina</em> are suitable biomarkers of pesticide exposure and that this snail could be used as sentinel species in field monitoring of Mediterranean climate regions
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