Anatomical study of the Iranian brown bear’s skull (Ursus arctos): A case report
2016
Yousefi, Mohammad Hasan
\The Brown bear (Ursusarctos) is a species at risk of extinction. It is considered the largestcarnivore and lives in northern Iran. Several studies on the structure of skullhave been accomplished in differentanimals. The aim of this study was the inscription of gross anatomicalcharacteristics of skulls of three Iranian adult male brown bears that weretransferred to the Anatomical Departmentof the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Semnan University. After processing,that included cleaning, degreasing and bleaching, skulls were studied from thedorsal or frontal, ventral, lateral, rostral, caudal and medial views. Thefacial part of the brown bear’s skull from dorsal view was small and thecranium was seen quadrilateral and larger than the dogs. The facial part oflacrimal bone and also the optic groove of presphenoid were absent. There wasnot articulation between maxillary and nasal bones. The interincisive canal waspresent and situated inter palatine processes of incisive bones. The orbitalcavity was small in brown bear. Lacrimal canal was formed by lacrimal andmaxillary bones. The interparietal bone and external sagittal crest in brownbear were seen as being shorter than the dogs. Tympanic bulla was very smalland jugular foramen rounded. The external acoustic meatus was formed bysquamous and tympanic part of temporal bone. In conclusion, the brown bear’sskull has different important macroscopic characteristics compared to othercarnivores
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