INFLUENCE OF GENDER-DIFFERENTIATED WEANING IN THE PRODUCTION OF F1 (YORKSHIRE X LANDRACE) GILTS | 19 INFLUENCIA DEL DESTETE DIFERENCIADO POR SEXO EN LA PRODUCCIN DE COCHINATAS F1 (YORKSHIRE X LANDRACE)

Spanish; Castilian. Se utilizaron 1722 partos del cruce Yorkshire x Landrace. Se utilizaron los datos de las hijas, obtenidos de los registros de parto, del libro de fecundacin y de transferencias de categora entre los aos 2018 al 2019. Finalmente, la muestra se depur y qued formada por 1665 partos con registro entre los meses y los aos. Se estudi la importancia de aplicar el destete diferencial. Se formaron dos tratamientos, uno donde las cras permanecieron 33 das con la madre y el otro donde se destetaron los machos a los 26 das de edad. Adems, se analiz el porciento de desechos o prdidas en la produccin de cochinatas por tratamiento y por ao. Se evidencian mejoras en los resultados del comportamiento animal cuando se utiliz el destete diferenciado en comparacin al tradicional, cuando se aplic el destete diferencial mejor el comportamiento productivo (p≤0.001), esto se explica porque las hembras permanecen un mayor tiempo con su madre sin la presencia de los machos. Los resultados alcanzados con el destete diferencial muestran una superioridad en el peso de las cochinatas terminadas que provienen de este tipo de destete. Se concluye que el destete diferencial mejor el instinto maternal de la descendencia, adems con la separacin de los machos a los 26 das de edad se obtiene 1.1 cochinata ms por puerca al ao y se disminuyen las prdidas por concepto del retardo en el crecimiento, bajo peso y el deterioro de los indicadores de salud.

English. It was used 1722 farrows of the Yorkshire x Landrace commercial crossbreeding. There were used the data of the female descendants, obtained from the delivery records, fecundation books, and transference of category from 2018 to 2019. Finally, the sample was polished and it was set by 1665 deliveries with their correspondent record for months and years. It was studied the importance of weaning differentially. There were formed two treatments, one where the piglets stayed with their mother for 33 days, and the other, where the male piglets were weaned 26 days after birth. In addition, it was analyzed the percentage of culled animals or losses in the production of gilts for every treatment and year. There were evident the improvements in the results of the performance of the animals, when applied the differential weaning, compared to the traditional method. The differential weaning improved the productive performance (p≤0.001), which explains why females stay longer with their mothers without the presence of males. The results obtained with the differential weaning show a superiority in the weight of adult gilts obtained by this method. It is concluded that, when applied differential weaning, the maternal instinct of the offspring was improved. Also, by separating the males at the 26th day, it is obtained 1.1 more gilt per sow a year. It too diminished the losses by stunted growing, low weight and worsening of health indicators.