Development of spray dried functional powder from kalumpit (Terminalia microcarpa Decne.) fruits and evaluation of its bioactive properties
2024
Pascua, N.C.
Response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the production of spray dried kalumit powder. The independent variable were maltodextrin concentration (30-60% w/w puree), feed flow rate (20-30 rpm), and inlet temperature (150-170 deg C). Yield (based on puree), water solubility index (WSI), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and the color parameters a* and b* were chosen as responses. The desirability function of Design Expert v.11 software determined the optimum condition for spray dried kalumpit powder: 30.0% maltodextri concentration, 28.7 rpm feed flow rate, and 156 deg C inlet temperature. The optimized spray drying process showed high yield powder, encapsulation efficiency, and bioactive retention. Low water activity and pH values of optimized powder indicated microbial stability. It also had excellent solubility but poor power flowability. The total phenolic, anthocyanin, and dietary fiber contents of the powder were appreciable. Kalumpit powder exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. It also displayed antidiabetic potential indicated by strong inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase than against alpha-amylase. In conclusion, spray during is a suitable method to prepare a functional powder from kalumpit fruits. This allows the health benefits of kalumpit fruits to be more accessible to consumers and available for longer time period. The increased economic value of kalumpit also plays important role for its conservation.
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