Some ecological factors of the tropical floodplain influencing the breeding and conservation of Gymnarchus niloticus (Cuvier 1829): a review
2012
Oladosun, O.O. | Oladosun, G.A. | Hart, A.I.
Gymnarchus niloticus is the only species of the family Gymnarchidae. It is a popular food fish in most parts of Africa where it is greatly esteemed. In some culture, it is offered as a special gift to leaders during festive seasons, while in some others it is an important part of items presented by a suitor to the parents of a girl at the time of betrothal. It can therefore be inferred that G. niloticus is not only important as food fish with economic significance, but also plays vital roles in the socio-cultural life of some African tribes. The supply of this important species still depends largely on the catch from the wild. However, based on the method of catch, it has been classified as endangered. A close examination of the ecological factors in the floodplain (where it migrates to breed), revealed strong influence on the breeding and survival of the fish. The level of rainfall determines the extent of floodplain inundation, and the abundance and survival of the flora and fauna in the area. These in turn determine the availability of breeding substrates and natural food sources for the various stages of G. niloticus. Therefore, rainfall, the flora and the fauna of the floodplain play vital roles in the breeding and survival of G. niloticus in nature. To ensure the conservation of this important species, controlled propagation strategies that draws on the influence of prevailing ecological factors in the floodplain is recommended. This will ensure conservation, and protect the economic and socio-cultural significance of G. niloticus.
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