Understanding the French honeybee populations by whole genome sequencing of haploid drones
2016
Wragg, David | Basso, Benjamin | Beguin, Maxime | Canale-Tabet, Kamila | Costa, Cecilia | Gregorc, Aleš | Bienefeld, Kaspar | Pinto, Alice | Parejo, Melanie | Gauthier, Laurent | Abrahams, Andrew | Delatte, Hélène | Clémencet, Johanna | Bidanel, Jean Pierre | Le Conte, Yves | Vignal, Alain | Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | The University of Edinburgh | Abeilles et Environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU) | Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) | Agricultural Institute of Slovenia | Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf | Insituto Politécnico de Bragança ; Centro de Investigação de Montanha [Bragança, Portugal] (CIMO) ; Instituto Politécnico de Bragança-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança | Agroscope | Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE) | Stanford University | Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR) | Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
The endemic honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera mellifera has gradually been replaced in many beekeeper operations in France by other subspecies and by hybrids between A. m. ligustica, A.m. caucasica, and A. m. mellifera, which were found to be more efficient producers of honey and royal jelly, and also to be less aggressive. In order to understand the impact of these practices on the genome makeup of bee populations, we sequenced over 600 haploid drones, each from one colony belonging to various populations including black bee conservatories, queen breeders (honey and royal jelly production) as well as a few out-groups from various European locations. Results show that sequencing haploid individuals allows high confidence genotyping at a low cost, yielding millions of SNP. Chromosomal regions highly differentiated between populations are observed, presumably as a response to artificial selection on traits such as honey or royal jelly production, but also to other unknown events such as pathogen pressure and otherenvironment variables. Varying degrees of admixture between the local black bee Apis mellifera mellifera (M mitotype) and C-type sub-species that were imported by beekeepers are observed.
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