Creation Of "ideal" Type Durum Wheat (t. Durum Desf.) Varieties For Irrigation Conditions

The article summarizes the study results of the new short- and medium-stemmed varieties of durum wheat of various origins under irrigation conditions at the Terter RES of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry carried out during period 2016-2020. As a result of many years of studying of the agrobiological traits and characteristics of durum wheat the intensive variety types "Korifey-88", "Jomerd-90", "Salvarty" "Agdara", and �Zafar�, which were distinguished by stable productivity, average height and a set of other agrobiological characteristics were created. It was analyzed the history of the creation of the theoretical foundations for the model of "ideal type" varieties in wheat. It was noted that the variety model should cover all phenotypic and genotypic traits, taking into account agro-ecological conditions. New varieties of durum wheat should have a wide adaptive potential and plasticity. They must withstand the influence of a wide range of biotic and abiotic environmental factors, as well as have high quality cereals and pasta. New varieties should be medium early, to form a stable harvest in conditions of water shortage, be resistant to frost, drought, low and high temperatures, lodging, pathogens and pests. In new varieties of durum wheat, productive tillering should be high, the plants should be uniform in height. There should be no difference between the size of the main spike and the additional spikes from the lateral stems.In intensive type varieties, the potential yield and grain quality indicators should be high. And adaptive varieties should be distinguished with a stable yield and grain quality. New varieties of the intensive type also need to be responsive to irrigation and optimal fertilization rates. Durum wheat varieties must have a semi-winter lifestyle. In irrigated flat areas, semi-winter durum wheat varieties, heading at optimal times, yield is usually high. As the interphase period of earing-fertilization occurs at the optimum temperature, the grain number of the ear increases, and the duration of grain filling period increases. In the lowland regions of Azerbaijan, irrigation should be carried out not according to the calendar plan, but according to the phases of plant development: at the end of spring tillering, at the end of booting and milk ripeness phase. New varieties are recommended to be grown in plain areas with a high agricultural background and with optimal irrigation.