Aquatic pollution and potential impact on aquatic resources and wildlife

English. editorial reviewed

English. Chemical pollution, recognized as the ninth planetary boundary, encompasses the pervasive introduction of synthetic chemicals and toxic metals into the environment, posing significant risks to ecosystem stability and human health. Aquatic pollution is a particularly critical issue that threatens both the environment and biodiversity. This presentation addresses the multifaceted problem of aquatic pollution, focusing on its potential impacts on aquatic resources and wildlife. Key pollutants such as mercury, elements from emerging technologies, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are examined, including their sources, pathways, and effects on marine vertebrates like fish, mammals, and birds. Mercury, a pervasive contaminant, originates from both natural sources and anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agricultural runoff. Its bioaccumulation and biomagnification in marine food webs present severe risks to marine vertebrates, leading to neurological and reproductive impairments. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), similarly pose long-term ecological risks due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Drawing from my own research, I will present case studies of whales (harbour porpoises, bottlenose dolphins, humpback whales, …), seals (harbour and grey seals), fish (seabass), and various seabird species to discuss the challenges associated with wildlife toxicology and the anticipated challenges in the coming decades. The potential impact of aquatic pollution over the next decades is profound, with climate change exacerbating these challenges. Ocean warming and acidification can alter the distribution and toxicity of pollutants, compounding their effects on marine ecosystems. The vulnerability of marine vertebrates to these changes necessitates proactive conservation measures and robust policy frameworks. Collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential to develop and implement sustainable solutions. This keynote will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of aquatic pollution, potential impacts, and the challenges ahead, emphasizing the critical need for continued research and proactive management.

14. Life below water