Effect of Some Agricultural Practices on Growth, Productivity and Seed Quality of Some Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Ecotypes Under Al-Hassakeh Governorate Conditions
2024
Ahmad Hamed Ahmad
The field experiment was carried out at the Heemo center for Scientific Agricultural Research in the city of Qamishly in Al-Hassakeh governorate affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria, during the two agriculture seasons (Y1: 2020-2021) and (Y2: 2021-2022), in order to know the effect of four planting dates (D1: 1/11, D2: 15/11, D3: 1/12, D4: 15/12), three plant densities (S1: 142, S2: 200, S3: 333 thousand plants. ha-1), and three rates mineral fertilization in addition to the control: (F0: 0 N, 0 P2O5; F1: 40 N, 30 P2O5; F2: 80 N, 60 P2O5; F3: 120 N, 90 P2O5 kg.ha-1), in growth and productivity and quality for three ecotypes of Fenugreek, which were collected from three governorates in the Syrian Arab Republic, namely: (G1: Al-Hassakeh , G2: Al-Suwayda, G3: Homs). The studied treatments were distributed according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in split plot order, with three replications for each treatment. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the performance of the fenugreek cultivars according to the agricultural practices used in the studied traits. As for the phenological traits, the cultivation of the two Fenugreek ecotypes (G2: Al-Suwayda and G3: Homs) was achieved at the planting date (D1: 1/11) according to the plant density (S3: 333 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F3: 120 N, 90 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the first agriculture season, the highest mean for both traits: the number of days required for flowering (57.22 and 57.17 days, respectively) without significant differences between them, and the number of days required for ripening (126.96, 127.11 days, respectively) without significant differences between them. As for the morphological characteristics, the Fenugreek ecotype (G3: Homs) excelled in the characteristic of plant height when planted at date (D4: 15/12) according to the plant density (S3: 333 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F3: 120 N, 90 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the two agriculture seasons (Y2: 2021-2022 and Y1: 2020-2021) without significant differences between them (48.11 and 47.85 cm, respectively). The average number of main branches of the plant was the highest significant when planting the Fenugreek ecotype (G1: Al-Hassakeh ) at the planting date (D3: 1/12) according to the plant density (S2: 200 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F2: 80 N, 60 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the two agriculture seasons (Y2: 2021-2022 and Y1: 2020-2021) without significant differences between them (8.98, 8.56 branches. plant-1, respectively). The cultivation of the two Fenugreek ecotypes (G2: Al-Suwayda and G1: Al-Hassakeh ) at the planting date (D2: 11/15) according to the plant density (S1: 142 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F3: 120 N, 90 P2O5 kg.ha-1) during the second agriculture season excelled with an average length of pod (13.43 and 12.88 cm, respectively) without significant differences between them. As for the quantitative characteristics, the average number of pods in plant was the highest significant (28.96 pod. plant-1) when cultivation the Fenugreek ecotype (G1: Al-Hassakeh ) at the planting date (D3: 1/12) according to the plantdensity (S2: 200 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F2: 80 N, 60 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the second agriculture season. While the average number of seeds in pod was the highest significant when planting Fenugreek ecotype (G2: endosperm) at the planting date (D2: 11/15) according to plant density (S2: 200 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F2: 80 N, 60 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the two agriculture seasons (Y2: 2021-2022 and Y1: 2020-2021) without significant differences between them (21.21, 20.99 seeds. pod -1, respectively). While there was no significant effect of the Fenugreek ecotypes in the two agriculture seasons in relation to the average weight of one thousand seeds, and its mean was the highest significant (16.92 gram) when planted at date (D3: 1/12) according to the plant density (S1: 142 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F3: 120 N, 90 P2O5 kg.ha-1). The cultivation of the Fenugreek ecotype (G1: Al-Hassakeh ) was achieved at the planting date (D3: 1/12) according to the plant density (S2: 200 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F2: 80 N, 60 P2O5 kg.ha-1) during the second agriculture season had the highest mean for each of the following traits: Biological yield and seed yield (5037, 1894 kg. ha-1, respectively) and harvest index (37.6%). As for the qualitative characteristics, the cultivation of the two Fenugreek ecotypes (G1: Al-Hassakeh and G2: Al-Suwayda) at the planting date (D3: 1/12) according to the plant density (S1: 142 thousand plants. ha-1) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F3: 120 N, 90 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the second agriculture season, the highest mean for each of the two traits: The percentage of protein in the seeds (23.85, 23.74%, respectively) without significant differences between them, and the percentage of fixed oil in the seeds (8.66, 8.7%, respectively) without significant differences between them. While the average percentage of alkaloids in the seeds was the highest significantly when planting the Fenugreek ecotype (G1: Al-Hassakeh ) at the planting date (D2: 15/11) and adding the rate of mineral fertilization (F2: 80 N, 60 P2O5 kg. ha-1) during the second agriculture season according to each of the two plant densities (S1: 142, S2: 200 thousand plants. ha-1) without significant differences between them (10.72, 10.75%, respectively). It was noted that there were very significant and positive correlations between seed yield and each of: Number of main branches in plant, length of pod, number of pods in plant, number of seeds in pod, weight of thousand seeds, the biological yield and harvest index (r = 0.709**, r = 0.731**, r= 0.861**, r= 0.704**, r= 0.647**, r= 0.971**, r= 0.946** respectively), also plant height was associated negative and significant correlation with each of: length of pod, number of pods in plant, weight of thousand seeds and harvest index (r= -0.474*, r= -0.533*, r= -0.622*, r = -0.453* respectively). An Insect experiment was carried out to study efficacy of treatment with aqueous and alcoholic Fenugreek seed extracts at three concentrations (10, 20, 30 %) and oil extract at three concentrations (1, 3, 5 %), in addition to the control (distilled water only) by direct spraying on food, to control four insects that infest stored grain {Adults of Tribulium castanium (Herbest), larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis, adults of Trogoderma grananrium (Everts), and adults of Sitophilus oryzae} after (6-12-24 -48-72 hours after thetransaction). The studied treatments were distributed according to a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with three replications for each treatment. The results of the experiment showed that there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between the different treatments in the studied traits. The effectiveness of the oil extract was higher than the effectiveness of the aqueous and alcohol extract on all studied insects at different treatment times. The treatment of spraying with the oil extract was given according to the concentration (5%) after (72 hours of treatment) on (adults of Tribulium castaneum, larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis, adults of Trogoderma grananrium, and adults of Sitophilus oryzae) the highest average death rate for these insects (61.33, 66.33, 43.33, 39 %, respectively), compared with each of the treatments: Spraying with an alcoholic extract according to a concentration (30%) after (72 hours of treatment) with an average death rate for insects (18, 22.67, 17, and 14.33 %, respectively), and spraying with an aqueous extract according to a concentration (30%) after (30%) after (72 hours of treatment) with an average death rate for insects (7.33, 8.33, 5.33, 4.67 %, respectively).
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Bibliographic information
Publisher
Damascus University . Faculty of agricultural engineering
Other Subjects
الكثافة النباتية; طرز بيئية; Oil; Stock materials; الموعد الزراعي; مواد مخزونة; التسميد; زيت; الحلبة
Language
Arabic
Note
References
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