Keragaman Karakter Agronomi dan Kandungan Amilosa pada Populasi F2 Sorgum Hasil Persilangan Pulut 3 × Kawali | Variability of Agronomic and Amylose Content of F2 Population of Sorghum Derived from a Cross Pulut 3 × Kawali

Sorgum adalah tanaman pangan terpenting kelima di dunia dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan dan bioenergi. Agar sorgum dapat diterima sebagai sorgum pangan, khususnya sebagai beras, maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan kadar amilosa melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman, yaitu mengembangkan varietas sorgum dengan tipe heterowaxy. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keragaman genetik pada karakter agronomi dan kandungan amilosa pada generasi F2 sorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari sampai Juni 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Cikarawang, Dramaga Bogor. Bahan genetik yang digunakan populasi F2 sorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali, 2 tetua dan 9 pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tengah karakter populasi F2 sorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali berbeda nyata terhadap kedua tetua. Hasil uji lanjut DMRT menunjukkan adanya perbedaan karakter antara genotipe pembanding dan tetua. Analisis kurtosis menunjukkan karakter dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen dan banyak gen serta analisis skewness menunjukkan karakter dikendalikan oleh tipe aksi gen dominan, aditif, epistasis komplementer dan espistasis duplikat. Analisis heritabilitas arti luas bervariasi dari rendah, sedang, tinggi. Hasil dari karakter kualitatif keberadaan amilosa pada pewarnaan biji menunjukkan bahwa hasil dikendalikan oleh satu pasang gen dominan.

Sorghum is the fifth most important food crop in the world and it can be used as food, feed and bioenergy. To be accepted as food, especially as rice, it is necessary to improve the amylose content through plant breeding activities to develop sorghum varieties with heterowaxy types. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on genetic variation in agronomic characters and amylose content in F2 shorgum generation. The research was conducted from February to June 2022 at Cikarawang experimental field, Dramaga Bogor. The genetic materiasl used were F2 shorgum population Pulut 3 × Kawali, 2 parents, and 9 comparisons. The results showed that the mean value of the population character F2 shorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali was significantly different from the two parents. The results of the DMRT test showed differences between the comparison and parental genotypes. Kurtosis analysis indicates that the observed characters controlled by few and many genes. Meanwhile, skewness analysis showed that the characters were controlled by dominance, additive, and epistasis genes action. Heritability analysis was vary low to high. The presence amylose based on seed staining showed that character controlled by one pair of dominance genes.