Zoonotic aspects of vector-borne infections.
2015
Failloux, Anna-Bella | Moutailler, Sarah | Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors ; Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP) | Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR) ; École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12) | This article would never have seen the light of day without the financial support of the Institut Pasteur and the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), through a cross-disciplinary research project (PTR-ChipArbo). They would also like to thank the European Network for Neglected Vectors and Vector-Borne Infections (COST Action TD1303), as well as the Ticks and Tick- Borne Diseases Working Group of the Réseau Ecologie des Interactions Durables at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). | The authors wish to thank all members of the Research and Expertise Unit ‘Arboviruses and Insect Vectors’ and the members of the Vectotiq team. Particular thanks go to Dr Sarah Bonnet and Dr Muriel Vayssier for their advice and helpful discussions.
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. Vector-borne diseases are principally zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans by animals. Pathogens such as bacteria, parasites and viruses are primarily maintained within an enzootic cycle between populations of non-human primates or other mammals and largely non-anthropophilic vectors. This 'wild' cycle sometimes spills over in the form of occasional infections of humans and domestic animals. Lifestyle changes, incursions by humans into natural habitats and changes in agropastoral practices create opportunities that make the borders between wildlife and humans more permeable. Some vector-borne diseases have dispensed with the need for amplification in wild or domestic animals and they can now be directly transmitted to humans. This applies to some viruses (dengue and chikungunya) that have caused major epidemics. Bacteria of the genus Bartonella have reduced their transmission cycle to the minimum, with humans acting as reservoir, amplifier and disseminator. The design of control strategies for vector-borne diseases should be guided by research into emergence mechanisms in order to understand how a wild cycle can produce a pathogen that goes on to cause devastating urban epidemics.
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