Beyond community-based diabetes management and the COAG coordinated care trial

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Objective: This article describes the patient management processes developed during the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) coordinated care trial and use of health outcome measures to monitor changes in utilisation patterns and patient well-being over time for a subgroup of 398 patients with type 2 diabetes. Design: The Eyre component of the South Australian (SA) HealthPlus coordinated care trial was a matched geographically controlled study in which the outcomes for the intervention group of 1350 patients were compared with those of a similar control group of 500 patients in another rural health region in SA. Setting: The trial was carried out on Eyre Peninsula in SA across populations in rural communities and in the main centres of Whyalla, Port Lincoln and Ceduna. Care planning was organised through general practitioner practices and services negotiated with allied health services and hospitals to meet patient needs. Subjects: The SA HealthPlus trial included 1350 patients with chronic and complex illness. A subset of this group comprising 398 patients with type 2 diabetes is described in this report. Patients recruited into the three-year trial were care planned using a patient centred care planning model through which patient goals were generated along with medical management goals developed by clinicians and primary health care professionals. Relevant health services were scheduled in line with best practice and care plans were reviewed each year. Patient service utilisation, progress towards achieving health related goals and patient health outcomes were recorded and assessed to determine improvements in health and well-being along with the cost and profile of the services provided. Results: Significant numbers of patients experienced improved health outcomes as a consequence of their involvement in the trial, and utilisation data showed reductions in hospital and medical expenditure for some patients. These results suggest that methods applied in the SA HealthPlus coordinated care trial have led to improvements in health outcomes for patients with diabetes and other chronic illnesses. In addition, the processes associated with the COAG trial motivated significant organisational change in the Regional Health Service as well as providing an opportunity to study the health and well-being outcomes resulting from a major community health intervention. Conclusions: The importance of the SA HealthPlus trial has been the demonstrated link between a formal research trial and significant developments in the larger health system with the trial not only leading to improvements in clinical outcomes for patients, but also acting as a catalyst for organisational reform. We now need to look beyond the illness focus of health outcome research to develop population based health approaches to improving overall community well-being. What is already known: Much work has been completed in recent years tracing the clinical impact of more effective management of patients with chronic illness. Evidence suggests that more structured management of patient care and better access resources and support can improve patient well-being and reduce demand on acute care services. What is needed, however, are mechanisms for managing patients to access relevant care and to comply with best practice protocols. Lowered HbA1c readings correlate with reduced crises for diabetic patients, but how can we encourage patients to engage in practices that actually lower these levels? What this study adds: The current study, based on work carried out during the COAG coordinated care trials, suggests that a structured patient centred care planning process can improve patient knowledge of their condition and increase motivation for sustainable behaviour change in the way they manage their illness. These processes of patient engagement and symptom monitoring have led to better long-term health and well-being for patients with diabetes. The wider application of suc...

Peter D. Mills and Peter W. Harvey