Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi
2022
Tedersoo, Leho | Mikryukov, Vladimir | Zizka, Alexander | Bahram, Mohammad | Hagh-Doust, Niloufar | Anslan, Sten | Prylutskyi, Oleh | Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel | Maestre, Fernando T. | Pärn, Jaan | Öpik, Maarja | Nilsson, Rolf Henrik | Puusepp, Rasmus | Drenkhan, Rein | Garibay-Orijel, Roberto | Godoy, Roberto | Alkahtani, Saad | Rahimlou, Saleh | Dudov, Sergey V. | Põlme, Sergei | Ghosh, Soumya | Mundra, Sunil | Ahmed, Talaat | Netherway, Tarquin | Henkel, Terry W. | Roslin, Tomas | Nteziryayo, Vincent | Fedosov, Vladimir E. | Onipchenko, Vladimir G. | Yasanthika, W.A. Erandi | Lim, Young Woon | Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. | Antonelli, Alexandre | Kõljalg, Urmas | Abarenkov, Kessy | Moora, Mari | Zobel, Martin | Espenberg, Mikk | Mander, Ülo | Khalid, Abdul Nasir | Corrales, Adriana | Agan, Ahto | Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. | Saitta, Alessandro | Rinaldi, Andrea C. | Verbeken, Annemieke | Sulistyo, Bobby P. | Tamgnoue, Boris | Furneaux, Brendan | Duarte Ritter, Camila | Nyamukondiwa, Casper | Sharp, Cathy | Marín, César | Gohar, Daniyal | Klavina, Darta | Sharmah, Dipon | Dai, Dong Qin | Nouhra, Eduardo | Biersma, Elisabeth Machteld | Rähn, Elisabeth | Cameron, Erin K. | De Crop, Eske | Otsing, Eveli | Davydov, Evgeny A. | Albornoz, Felipe E. | Brearley, Francis Q. | Buegger, Franz | Zahn, Geoffrey | Bonito, Gregory | Hiiesalu, Inga | Barrio, Isabel C. | Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob | Ankuda, Jelena | Kupagme, John Y. | Macia-Vicente, Jose G. | Fovo, Joseph Djeugap | Geml, József | Alatalo, Juha M. | Alvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta | Põldmaa, Kadri | Runnel, Kadri | Adamson, Kalev | Bråthen, Kari Anne | Pritsch, Karin | Tchan, Kassim I. | Armolaitis, Kęstutis | Hyde, Kevin D. | Newsham, Kevin K. | Panksep, Kristel | Lateef, Adebola A. | Tiirmann, Liis | Hansson, Linda | Lamit, Louis J. | Saba, Malka | Tuomi, Maria | Gryzenhout, Marieka | Bauters, Marijn | Piepenbring, Meike | Wijayawardene, Nalin | Yorou, Nourou S. | Kurina, Olavi | Mortimer, Peter E. | Meidl, Peter | Kohout, Petr | Macia-Vicente, Jose G. | Maestre, Fernando T. | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef" | Laboratorio de Ecología de Zonas Áridas y Cambio Global (DRYLAB)
Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
Show more [+] Less [-]The bulk of the funding is derived from the Estonian Science Foundation (grants PRG632, PRG1170, PRG1615, MOBTP198), EEA Financial Mechanism Baltic Research Programme (EMP442), and Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF20OC0059948).
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