Análisis poblacional de mosca de la fruta (Anastrepha y Ceratitis), mediante indicadores locales de asociación espacial en las provincias de Los Ríos y Guayas

Due to their high potential to attack a great diversity of species, fruit flies are considered one of the most important quarantine pests for many countries. Within the fruit fly control programs, one of the main components is the knowledge of the bio ecology based on the climatic conditions of the producing areas. This information favors the timely management of pest populations. Given the above, the present research work aimed to evaluate the population behavior of the fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae), through geostatistical analysis. The study was carried out by monitoring fruit flies in the period 2015 to 2019 in the province of Los Ríos and Guayas with the help of the Fruit Fly Management Project (PMMF) of the Phytosanitary Regulation and Control Agency (AGROCALIDAD).). Climate data on the trapping routes were obtained from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts with a spatial resolution of 0.25° Latitude x 0.25° Longitude from 1980 to 2018. Data analysis was performed using box plots, histograms, scatter plots and to determine the relationship between the fruit fly population and climatic variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. According to the results obtained, the province of Guayas presented the highest annual averages of flies/traps/day (MTD) (0.36) compared to Los Ríos (0.085). The population fluctuation of fruit flies showed that in the months of January and February the highest MTD values were reported with 0.771 and 0.508 respectively. While what, the populations decreased from the month of March (0.379) reaching low levels for the months of October, November and December (0.071). There is a high relationship between the climatic variables and the population fluctuation of the pest and in the same way a relationship between the ripening season of the host fruit trees and fruit fly populations. Therefore, studies of the population fluctuations of the different species of fruit flies, distribution of hosts and knowledge of climatic conditions are tools that favor the planning of the different measures of control and suppression of the pest.

Due to their high potential to attack a great diversity of species, fruit flies are considered one of the most important quarantine pests for many countries. Within the fruit fly control programs, one of the main components is the knowledge of the bio ecology based on the climatic conditions of the producing areas. This information favors the timely management of pest populations. Given the above, the present research work aimed to evaluate the population behavior of the fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae), through geostatistical analysis. The study was carried out by monitoring fruit flies in the period 2015 to 2019 in the province of Los Ríos and Guayas with the help of the Fruit Fly Management Project (PMMF) of the Phytosanitary Regulation and Control Agency (AGROCALIDAD).). Climate data on the trapping routes were obtained from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts with a spatial resolution of 0.25° Latitude x 0.25° Longitude from 1980 to 2018. Data analysis was performed using box plots, histograms, scatter plots and to determine the relationship between the fruit fly population and climatic variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. According to the results obtained, the province of Guayas presented the highest annual averages of flies/traps/day (MTD) (0.36) compared to Los Ríos (0.085). The population fluctuation of fruit flies showed that in the months of January and February the highest MTD values were reported with 0.771 and 0.508 respectively. While what, the populations decreased from the month of March (0.379) reaching low levels for the months of October, November and December (0.071). There is a high relationship between the climatic variables and the population fluctuation of the pest and in the same way a relationship between the ripening season of the host fruit trees and fruit fly populations. Therefore, studies of the population fluctuations of the different species of fruit flies, distribution of hosts and knowledge of climatic conditions are tools that favor the planning of the different measures of control and suppression of the pest.

Debido a su alto potencial para atacar una gran diversidad de especies, las moscas de las frutas son consideradas unas de las plagas de mayor importancia cuarentenaria para muchos países. Dentro de los programas de control de moscas de las frutas, uno de los componentes principales es el conocimiento de la bio ecología en función a las condiciones climáticas de las zonas productoras. Dicha información, favorece el manejo oportuno de poblaciones de la plaga. Ante lo expuesto, el presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento poblacional de mosca de la fruta (Díptera: Tephritidae), mediante el análisis geoestadístico. El estudio se realizó mediante el monitoreo de moscas de la fruta en el periodo 2015 al 2019 en la provincia de Los Ríos y Guayas con ayuda del Proyecto de manejo de moscas de la fruta (PMMF) de La Agencia de Regulación y Control fitosanitaria (AGROCALIDAD). Los datos climáticos en las rutas de trampeo fueron obtenidos del European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts con una resolución espacial de 0,25 ° Latitud x 0,25 ° Longitud de 1980 a 2018. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante diagramas de caja, histogramas, gráficos de dispersión y para determinar la relación entre población de moscas de la fruta y variables climáticas, se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, la provincia del Guayas presentó los promedios anuales de moscas/trampas/día (MTD) más alto (0,36) en comparación con los Ríos (0,085). La fluctuación poblacional de moscas de la fruta mostró que en meses de enero y febrero se reportó los valores más altos de MTD con 0,771 y 0,508 respectivamente. Mientras qué, las poblaciones decrecieron a partir del mes de marzo (0,379) llegando a niveles bajo para los meses de octubre noviembre y diciembre (0,071). Existe una alta relación entre las variables climáticas y la fluctuación poblacional de la plaga y de igual forma una relación entre la época de maduración de los frutales hospederos y poblaciones de moscas de la fruta. Por tanto, los estudios de las fluctuaciones poblacionales de las diferentes especies de moscas de la fruta, distribución de hospederos y conocimiento de las condiciones climáticas resultan herramientas de que favorecen la planificación de las diferentes medidas de control y supresión de la plaga.