Labranza mecanizada y su influencia en la productividad del cultivo de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L Moench.)”

It is important for sorghum producers to use all combinations of mechanized tillage systems in grain sorghum planting, from traditional to no-till. Among each of the tillage systems there are unique tillage structures and combinations between them, which can be adapted to each location, depending on soil type and climate. Soil preparation, planting and harvesting in sorghum cultivation ensures that the soil is free of clods and weeds to ensure good planting, and so that the newly germinated plants can develop quickly. The first task to be carried out is plowing, which should be as deep as possible to a depth of 15 cm. In order to complement the plowing, a cross plowing is done. The information obtained was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, with the purpose of informing the reader about mechanized tillage and its influence on the productivity of the sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor L Moench). From the above detailed, it was determined that within sorghum crop production, five basic tillage operations can be highlighted and that each one of them has a selected component of operations that it performs, among them: turning, mixing, raking, spraying and compacting. Soil tillage is critical to plant booming and sorghum crop yields. The advantages of accurate tillage include sufficient aeration for root development, adequate water movement in the soil (infiltration, percolation, and drainage), sufficient soil temperature law for root development and plant booming, and adequate moisture retention for plant use. There are different tillage systems used in grain sorghum planting, from traditional to no-tillage, among them we have the following: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and zero tillage or conservation tillage.

It is important for sorghum producers to use all combinations of mechanized tillage systems in grain sorghum planting, from traditional to no-till. Among each of the tillage systems there are unique tillage structures and combinations between them, which can be adapted to each location, depending on soil type and climate. Soil preparation, planting and harvesting in sorghum cultivation ensures that the soil is free of clods and weeds to ensure good planting, and so that the newly germinated plants can develop quickly. The first task to be carried out is plowing, which should be as deep as possible to a depth of 15 cm. In order to complement the plowing, a cross plowing is done. The information obtained was carried out through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, with the purpose of informing the reader about mechanized tillage and its influence on the productivity of the sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor L Moench). From the above detailed, it was determined that within sorghum crop production, five basic tillage operations can be highlighted and that each one of them has a selected component of operations that it performs, among them: turning, mixing, raking, spraying and compacting. Soil tillage is critical to plant booming and sorghum crop yields. The advantages of accurate tillage include sufficient aeration for root development, adequate water movement in the soil (infiltration, percolation, and drainage), sufficient soil temperature law for root development and plant booming, and adequate moisture retention for plant use. There are different tillage systems used in grain sorghum planting, from traditional to no-tillage, among them we have the following: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and zero tillage or conservation tillage.

Es importante que los productores de sorgo utilicen todas las combinaciones de los sistemas de labranza mecanizada en la siembra de sorgo de grano, desde la tradicional hasta la sin labranza. Entre cada uno de los sistemas de labranza existen estructuras de labranza únicas y combinaciones entre ellas, que pueden ser adaptadas a cada lugar, según el tipo de suelo y el clima. La preparación del suelo, siembra y cosecha en el cultivo de sorgo asegura que el terreno quede libre de terrones y malezas para asegurar una buena siembra, y para que las plantas recién germinadas puedan desarrollarse rápidamente. La primera labor que se realiza es, la aradura, la cual debe ser lo más profunda posible hasta una profundidad de 15 cm. Con el fin dé complementar la aradura se hace un cruce de arado. La información obtenida fue efectuada mediante la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen, con la finalidad de que el lector conozca sobre la labranza mecanizada y su influencia en la productividad del cultivo de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L Moench). Por lo anteriormente detallado se logró determinar que dentro de la producción del cultivo de sorgo pueden destacarse cinco operaciones básicas de labranza y que cada una de ellas tiene un componente seleccionado de operaciones que realiza, entre ellas: Volteo, mezcla, rastrillado, pulverización y compactación. El laboreo del suelo es fundamental para el auge de las plantas y el rendimiento del cultivo de sorgo. Las ventajas de un laboreo preciso incluyen una aireación suficiente para el desarrollo de las raíces, un movimiento adecuado del agua en el suelo (infiltración, percolación y drenaje), una ley de temperatura del suelo suficiente para el desarrollo de las raíces y el auge de las plantas, y una retención adecuada de la humedad para el uso de las plantas. Existen diferentes sistemas de labranza se utilizan en la siembra de sorgo de grano, desde la tradicional hasta la sin labranza, entre ellos tenemos los siguientes: labranza convencional, labranza reducida y labranza cero o conservacionista.