A one health investigation of pathogenic trypanosomes of cattle in Malawi
2021
Chimera, Elizabeth | Fosgate, Geoffrey | Etter, Eric M.C. | Boulangé, Alain | Vorster, Ilse | Neves, Luis | University of Pretoria [South Africa] | Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Université Eduardo Mondlane = Eduardo Mondlane University = Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) | The funding for this research was provided by the Borlaug Higher Education for Agricultural Research and Development (BHEARD) program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with partial funding from the National Research Foundation in South Africa (Grant 76734 ).
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]English. arasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma cause infections in both man and livestock in Africa. Understanding the current spatial distribution of trypanosomes, herd-level factors associated with Trypanosoma brucei infection as well as local knowledge of African trypanosomosis is key to its prevention and control. A cross-sectional study was performed that sampled 53 livestock farmers and 444 cattle throughout Malawi. Cattle were screened for trypanosomes using serology and molecular techniques. Questionnaires were administered to livestock herders and incidence of hospital diagnosed human trypanosome infections was estimated from reports submitted to the Department of Health Unit. The apparent prevalence of trypanosome species based on molecular detection was low for Trypanosoma brucei (2%; 95 % CI: 1–4 %) and Trypanosoma congolense (3%; 95 % CI: 2–5 %) but higher for Trypanosoma theileri (26 %; 95 % CI: 22–30 %). The central region of the country was identified as being at a higher risk of T.brucei infection. One of the sampled cattle was confirmed as being infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Human trypanosome cases were more frequently reported in the northern region with an estimated incidence of 5.9 cases per 100,000 people in Rumphi District. The control of zoonotic diseases that impact poor livestock herders requires a One Health approach due to the close contact between humans and their animals and the reliance on animal production for a sustainable livelihood.
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