Profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and polyphenols in mediterranean oils (argan oils, olive oils, milk thistle seed oils and nigella seed oil) and evaluation of their antioxidant and cytoprotective activities
2019
Zarrouk, Amira | Martine, Lucy | Grégoire, Stéphane | Nury, Thomas | Meddeb, Wiem | Camus, Emmanuelle | Badreddine, Asmaa | Durand, Philippe | Namsi, Amira | Yammine, Aline | Nasser, Boubker | Mejri, Mondher | Brétillon, Lionel | Mackrill, John J. | Cherkaoui-Malki, Mustapha | Hammami, Mohamed | Lizard, Gérard | جامعة المنستير - Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM) | Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique (Bio-PeroxIL) ; Université de Bourgogne (UB) | Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie | Laboratoire de Recherche Appliquée Spiral [Bourgogne] (LARA SPIRAL) | Université Hassan 1er [Settat] | University College Cork (UCC) | Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL) ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | BASIM (Association Bourguignonne pour les Applications des Sciences de l'Information en Medecine); COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) CA16112
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. Background: The effects of vegetable oils on human health depends on their components. Therefore, their profiles of lipid nutrients were determined. Objective: To establish and compare the fatty acid, tocopherol, phytosterol and polyphenol profiles of Mediterranean oils: cosmetic and dietary argan oils (AO; Morocco: Agadir, Berkane); olive oils (OO; Morocco, Spain, Tunisia); milk thistle seed oils (MTSO; Tunisia: Bizerte, Sousse, Zaghouane); nigella seed oil (NSO). Method: The biochemical profiles were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry as required. The antioxidant and cytoprotective activities were evaluated with the KRL (Kit Radicaux Libres) and the fluorescein diacetate tests on nerve cells treated with 7-ketocholesterol (7KC). Results: The fatty acid profile revealed high linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) content in AO, OO, MTSO and NSO. The highest levels of oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) were found in AO and OO. The tocopherol profile showed that Agadir AO contained the highest amount of α-tocopherol, also present at high level in MTSO and Tunisian OO; Berkane AO was rich in γ-tocopherol. The phytosterol profile indicated that β-sitosterol was predominant in the oils, except AO; spinasterol was only present in AO. Polyphenol profiles underlined that OO was the richest in polyphenols; hydroxytyrosol was only in OO; few polyphenols were detected in AO. The oils studied have antioxidant activities, and all of them, except NSO, prevented 7KC-induced cell death. The antioxidant characteristics of AO were positively correlated with procatechic acid and compestanol levels. Conclusion: Based on their biochemical profiles, antioxidant and cytoprotective characteristics, AO, OO, and MTSO are potentially beneficial to human health.
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