Agroforestry associating coffee and Inga densiflora results in complementarity for water uptake and decreases deep drainage in Costa Rica
2011
Cannavo, Patrice | Sansoulet, J. | Harmand, J. M. | Siles, P. | Dreyer, E. | Vaast, P. | Unité de Recherche Environnement Physique de la plante Horticole (EPHOR) ; Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (Eco&Sols) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M) | Recyclage et risque (UPR Recyclage et risque) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Framework of the Central American Coffee Agroforestry project (CASCA) funded by the INCO/DEV Program (ICA4-2001-10071) of the European Commission, in collaboration with the Agroforestry Department of CATIE (Costa Rica), and ICAFE (Costa Rica)
The shade impact by Inga densiflora on water use and drainage in a coffee agroforestry system (AFS) wascompared to coffee monoculture (MC) in Costa Rica. Rainfall interception, transpiration, runoff and soil water content were monitored during 3 years. Runoff was lower in AFS than MC (5.4 and 8.4% of total rainfall, respectively) and a higher water infiltration was observed under AFS. Still, the higher combined rainfall interception + transpiration of coffee and shade trees in AFS resulted in a lower drainage than in MC. No coffee water stress was recorded either in AFS or MC as relative extractable soil water remained above 20% during the dry seasons. Time course of soil water content showed enhanced access to soil water between 100 and 200cm depth in AFS. This suggests complementarity for soil water between coffee and shade trees. The model HYDRUS 1D predicted that drainage at 200cm depth accounted for a large fraction of annual rainfall (68% for MC and 62% for AFS). Climatic scenario simulations showed (1) a potential competition for water between coffee and shade trees when the dry season was extended by 4-6 weeks compared to actual, and (2) a severe reduction in annual drainage, but without competition for water when rainfall was reduced down to 40% of the actual.
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