Evidence for the existence of two new members of the family Chlamydiaceae and proposal of Chlamydia avium sp. nov. and Chlamydia gallinacea sp. nov.
2013 | 2014
Sachse, Konrad | Laroucau, Karine | Riege, Konstantin | Wehner, Stefanie | Dilcher, Meik | Huot Creasy, Heather | Weidmann, Manfred | Myers, Garry | Vorimore, Fabien | Vicari, Nadia | Magnino, Simone | Liebler-Tenorio, Elisabeth | Ruettger, Anke | Bavoil, Patrik M | Hufert, Frank T | Rossello-Mora, Ramon | Marz, Manja | Federal Research Institute for Animal Health | University of Paris 12 (University of Paris Est) | Friedrich Schiller University of Jena | Institute of Aquaculture | Georg-August University Gottingen | University of Maryland | Institute of Aquaculture | University of Maryland | University of Paris 12 (University of Paris Est) | Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER) | Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER) | Federal Research Institute for Animal Health | Federal Research Institute for Animal Health | University of Maryland | Georg-August University Gottingen | Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies | Philipps University of Marburg | 0000-0002-3632-2584 | 0000-0002-7063-7491
The family Chlamydiaceae with the recombined single genus Chlamydia currently comprises nine species, all of which are obligate intracellular organisms distinguished by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. Anecdotal evidence from epidemiological surveys in flocks of poultry, pigeons and psittacine birds have indicated the presence of non-classified chlamydial strains, some of which may act as pathogens. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA and ompA genes, as well as multi-locus sequence analysis of 11 field isolates were conducted. All independent analyses assigned the strains into two different clades of monophyletic origin corresponding to pigeon and psittacine strains or poultry isolates, respectively. Comparative genome analysis involving the type strains of currently accepted Chlamydiaceae species and the designated type strains representing the two new clades confirmed that the latter could be classified into two different species as their average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were always below 94%, both with the closest relative species and between themselves. In view of the evidence obtained from the analyses, we propose the addition of two new species to the current classification: Chlamydia avium sp. nov. comprising strains from pigeons and psittacine birds (type strain 10DC88(T); DSMZ: DSM27005(T), CSUR: P3508(T)) and Chlamydia gallinacea sp. nov. comprising strains from poultry (type strain 08-1274/3(T); DSMZ: DSM27451(T), CSUR: P3509(T)).
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