Climatic changes and their impact on living organisms

One of the issues that the world is currently concerned about is climate change. Climate change and its impact on the living world are of even greater concern to the world community. The recent changes in the atmosphere and unstable weather conditions are felt not only in Azerbaijan but also in many countries of the world. From numerous studies conducted over the last five years, it has become known that over the last hundred years, the average temperature on Earth has increased by 0.7 degrees Celsius (Mammadov, Khalilov, 2006: 222; 318). However, anthropogenic factors are mainly involved in the temperature rise. And the basis of anthropogenic factors are gases, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxide, chlorofluoride compounds, carbon, methane, etc., causing thermal effects. For this reason, blizzards, thunderstorms, droughts, floods, and heavy rains, which are occurring everywhere, have intensified. Whereas in the oceans the water surface has warmed to a depth of 1,000 meters, this has recently changed to a depth of 2,000 meters. This leads to the formation of hot streams. Climate underlies all changes in general. These processes are also taking place in Azerbaijan. Only for the last hundred years has the average annual temperature on the territory of Azerbaijan increased by 0.4-1.3 degrees. Also, the number and strength of floods in mountain rivers in Azerbaijan increase every year. The factors influencing temperature changes in Azerbaijan are the Caspian Sea and the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains. The presence of the Caspian Sea mitigates the effects of climate change in Azerbaijan (Kurayev, 2006: 16). There are also changes that occur independently of human activity. These changes fundamentally affect the processes occurring in the atmosphere and the health of living organisms, including humans. Increased solar activity, displacement of the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, methane entering the atmosphere, volcanic eruptions, etc. are examples of this. One of the most pressing problems on Earth is global warming and its complications. Global climate variability is based on the inexorable rise in temperature. Warming leads to climate change, ecosystem disruption, extreme weather variability, sea level rise due to melting ice, and loss of biodiversity. This has a negative impact on human health, agricultural and food security, and the economy. To this purpose, our state is fully prepared for COP-29, the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which it will host in 2024. All these activities will contribute in the near future. The different interactions of climate-forming factors in the world give rise to a rather large diversity of climates. The recent decrease in the amount of precipitation may lead to desertification in some areas of our republic.