The W195 Residue of the Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Is Critical for Multiple Aspects of Viral Self-Regulation through Interactions between V and Nucleoproteins
2024
Qiaolin Wei | Wenbin Wang | Fanxing Meng | Ying Wang | Ning Wei | Jianxia Tian | Hanlue Li | Qiqi Hao | Zijie Zhou | Haijin Liu | Zengqi Yang | Sa Xiao
The transcription and replication of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strictly rely on the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which is composed of viral NP, P, L and RNA. However, it is not known whether other viral non-RNP proteins participate in this process for viral self-regulation. In this study, we used a minigenome (MG) system to identify the regulatory role of the viral non-RNP proteins V, M, W, F and HN. Among them, V significantly reduced MG-encoded reporter activity compared with the other proteins and inhibited the synthesis of viral mRNA and cRNA. Further, V interacted with NP. A mutation in residue W195 of V diminished V–NP interaction and inhibited inclusion body (IB) formation in NP-P-L-cotransfected cells. Furthermore, a reverse-genetics system for the highly virulent strain F48E9 was established. The mutant rF48E9-V<sub>W195R</sub> increased viral replication and apparently enhanced IB formation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that rF48E9-V<sub>W195R</sub> decreased virulence and retarded time of death. Overall, the results indicate that the V–NP interaction of the W195 mutant V decreased, which regulated viral RNA synthesis, IB formation, viral replication and pathogenicity. This study provides insight into the self-regulation of non-RNP proteins in paramyxoviruses.
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