环氧大豆油木材胶黏剂的制备及其热压工艺的优化Preparation of epoxy soybean oil wood adhesive and optimization of its hot-pressing process
2024
刘志罡， 安丽平 LIU Zhigang, AN Liping
为开发具有较强耐水性的环保可再生胶黏剂，以环氧大豆油（ESO）为原料，选用顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)为固化剂，乙酰丙酮锌〔Zn(acac)2〕为催化剂，制备ESO木材胶黏剂，同时制备了杨木胶合板，考察了MA添加量对胶黏剂性能的影响，通过DSC分析优化了催化剂添加量，对胶黏剂进行了红外光谱和TG/DTG分析，并利用正交实验对热压工艺进行了优化。结果表明：当MA添加量为27%时胶黏剂性能达到最佳；催化剂的最优添加量为3%；通过红外光谱和TG/DTG分析证明ESO与MA发生了交联固化反应；最佳热压工艺为热压温度150 ℃、热压时间10 min、热压压力2 MPa、涂胶量320 g/m2，在此条件下湿态胶合强度为1.613 MPa，符合国家规定的普通胶合板Ⅱ类板要求（≥0.70 MPa）。该胶黏剂制备方法具有简单、高效、环保等优势,是实现ESO在木材产品生产中可持续应用的一种很有前景的策略,具有很大的工业应用潜力。In order to develop environmentally friendly and renewable adhesives with excellent water resistance, with epoxy soybean oil (ESO) as raw material, maleic anhydride (MA) as curing agent and zinc acetylacetonate (Zn(acac)2) as catalyst, ESO wood adhesive and poplar plywood were prepared. The effect of MA dosage on the performence of adhesive was studied. The catalyst dosage was optimized by DSC analysis, and the adhesive was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and TG/DTG. Then, the hot-pressing process was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the best adhesive performance was achieved at 27% of MA dosage. The optimal dosage of catalyst was 3%. Infrared spectroscopy and TG/DTG analysis proved that ESO underwent crosslinking and curing reaction with MA. The optimal hot-pressing process conditions were obtained as follows: hot-pressing temperature 150 ℃, hot-pressing time 10 min, hot-pressing pressure 2 MPa, and glue spread 320 g/m2. Under these conditions, the wet bonding strength was 1.613 MPa, which was in line with the national requirement of Class Ⅱ ordinary plywood（≥0.70 MPa）. The preparation method of adhesive has advantages such as simplicity, efficiency and environmental friendliness, and it is a promising strategy for achieving sustainable application of ESO in wood product production, with great industrial application potential.
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