花生品种对水媒法提取分离蛋白质与脂质 及内源性蛋白酶活性的影响

为筛选适合水媒法加工的花生品种，降低花生蛋白的致敏性，收集了5个花生品种，首先比较了其脂质和蛋白质含量，然后采用水媒法提取分离蛋白质与脂质，考察了花生品种对脂质和蛋白质的提取率及脂质和蛋白质的分离效果的影响，最后比较了不同品种花生的内源性蛋白酶（内肽酶和外肽酶）活性。结果表明：脂质（46.95%～51.35%）和蛋白质（24.66%～29.68%）含量在花生品种间存在差异；花生品种对于蛋白质提取率（91.86%～97.77%）的影响显著，而对于脂质提取率（98%左右）的影响不大；不同品种花生浆中蛋白质和脂质的离心分离效果不同，蛋白质在蛋白液中的分布比例为85.32%～97.34%，脂质在乳状液中的分布比例为68.75%～81.24%，白沙308的分离效果最好；内源性蛋白酶活性（pH 3～5）在花生品种间存在差异，但是各品种的内肽酶均在pH 3时表现出最强活性，可有效水解花生致敏蛋白Ara h 1；各品种花生的外肽酶活性均随pH的增加而增加，在pH 5时，四粒红最高；对于内肽酶和外肽酶的协同活性，花育在pH 3时最强，而其他4个品种在pH 5时最强。综上，白沙308可作为花生水媒法加工的参考品种，而四粒红的内源性蛋白酶活性最强。 In order to screen peanut varieties suitable for aqueous extraction processing and reduce the allergenicity of peanut protein, five peanut varieties were collected for study. Firstly, their lipid and protein contents were compared, and the protein and lipid was extracted and separated by aqueous extraction processing. Then, the effects of peanut variety on extraction rates of lipid and protein, and separation efficiency of lipid and protein were investigated. Finally, the activities of endogenous proteases (endopeptidases and exopeptidases) of different peanut varieties were compared. The results showed that the lipid (46.95%-51.35%) and protein (24.66%-29.68%) contents were different among peanut varieties. The protein extraction rate (91.86%-97.77%) was obviously affected by varieties, while the lipid extraction rate (about 98%) was not. The effects of centrifugal separation of protein and lipid in different varieties of peanut milk were different. The distribution proportion of protein in protein liquid was 85.32%-97.34%, whereas the distribution proportion of lipid in emulsion was 68.75%-81.24%. Baisha 308 was the best for the centrifugal separation of lipid and proteins. Endogenous protease activity in the range of pH 3-5 was different among peanut varieties, but the endopeptidases in all varieties showed the highest activity at pH 3, which could effectively hydrolyze the allergen protein Ara h 1. The activity of exopeptidases in all varieties enhanced with the increase of pH. At pH 5, Silihong exerted the highest exopeptidase activity. Huayu showed the highest synergistic activity of endopeptidases and exopeptidases at pH 3, while the other four varieties were the highest at pH 5. In conclusion, Baisha 308 can be used as a reference variety for peanut aqueous extraction processing, and the endogenous protease activity of Silihong is the strongest.