USE OF OIL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF NEEM SEEDS, AZADIRACHTIN AND ACEPHATE TO CONTROL COWPEA BLACK APHID ÓLEO E EXTRATO AQUOSO DE SEMENTES DE NIM, AZADIRACTINA E ACEFATO NO CONTROLE DO PULGÃO-PRETO DO FEIJÃO-DE-CORDA

&lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;In this research, different trademarks and an aqueous neem seed extract were used to control the cowpea black aphid. The experimental unit consisted of a plant in a 300 mL disposable plastic cup, under greenhouse conditions. The following treatments were applied: 1) Absolute control (water); 2) Acephate (Orthene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; 750 BR, 1.0 g of the commercial product (c. p.) L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;); 3) Natuneem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; (10 mL c. p. L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;); 4) Neemazal T/S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; 1.0% (10 mL c. p. L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;); and 5) Aqueous seed extract (100 g L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;). Six adult apterous females were used to infest 15-days-old plants and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;pulverization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; took place 17 days after planting. Two days later, all living black aphids were counted. All azadiracthin treatments differed statistically from the control and the acephate. The seed aqueous extract was the least efficient one (44.8%), followed by Nattuneen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; (81.15%), while Neenmazal T/S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt; 1.0% was the most efficient azadiracthin trademark (91.35%). Azadiracthin products were efficient to control cowpea black aphid, under greenhouse conditions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;KEY-WORDS: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vigna unguiculata&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;em&gt; Azadiracta indica&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aphis craccivora &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt; Koch; botanical insecticides;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;alternative control.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;<br>&lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;!-- @page { margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Avaliou-se a eficácia de diferentes formulações comerciais e extrato aquoso da semente de nim (&lt;em&gt;Azadiracta indica&lt;/em&gt;), no controle do pulgão-preto (&lt;em&gt;Aphis craccivora)&lt;/em&gt; em feijão-de-corda (&lt;em&gt;Vigna unguiculata)&lt;/em&gt;. A unidade experimental constou de uma planta cultivada em um copo plástico de 300 mL, em casa-de-vegetação. Os tratamentos foram: 1) testemunha absoluta (água); 2) acefato (Orthene&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; 750 BR, 1,0 g do produto comercial (p. c.) L&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;¹); 3) Natuneem&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; (10 mL p. c. L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;); 4) Neenmazal T/S&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; 1,0% (10 mL p. c. L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;); e 5) Extrato aquoso da semente (100 g L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). A infestação, com seis fêmeas adultas e ápteras, foi realizada 15 dias após o plantio (DAP) e a aplicação por pulverização aos 17 DAP. A avaliação foi realizada dois dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, contando-se os pulgões vivos. Todos os compostos à base de azadiractina produziram resultados diferentes entre si e nenhum deles foi semelhante à testemunha ou ao acefato. A menor eficácia de controle (44,8%) foi obtida pelo uso do extrato aquoso da semente, seguido do Natuneem&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;, que apresentou eficácia de 81,15%. O produto comercial Neenmazal T/S&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; resultou na maior eficácia (91,35%), dentre os tratamentos à base de azadiractina. Os produtos comerciais à base de azadiractina, nas concentrações utilizadas, mostraram-se eficazes no controle do pulgão-preto em feijão-de-corda, em condições de casa-de-vegetação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR" align="JUSTIFY"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;PALAVRAS-CHAVE: &lt;em&gt;Vigna unguiculata&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;em&gt; Azadiracta indica&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;em&gt; Aphis craccivora &lt;/em&gt;Koch; inseticidas botânicos;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;controle alternativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;