Stan sanitarny roślin w zależności od zagęszczenia gleby i sposobów przeciwdziałania

A study was carried out in 1997–2000 in a strict static field experiment at the Educational and Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of soil density, fertilization with lime and manure and soil cultivation method on the sanitary state of the experimental crops. In 1997 Elena cultivar of winter wheat, in 1998 Nadwislanski cv. of field bean, in 1999 Rodos cv. of spring barley and in 2000 Borowiak cv. of oat were cultivated. Foot-rot diseases (eyespot, foot-rot of culm base and fusarium foot-rot) occurred with greater intensity on the cereals cultivated on packed rather than on non-packed soil. Soil packing also favoured the development of septoria leaf spot, glume blotch on wheat, chocolate spot and leaf blotch, whereas it reduced the intensity of powdery mildew, brown rust and oat leaf spot. The application of lime significantly decreased the intensity of cereal foot-rot diseases, leaf blotch and powdery mildew. In addition, fertilisation with manure reduced the occurrence of cereal foot-rot diseases. However, it stimulated the development of septoria leaf spot, glume blotch and leaf blotch. In the case of the assimilation system, a correlation existed between factor I and II in relation to lime application. Lime application to packed soil reduced the development of pathogens, whereas lime applied to non-packed soil facilitated disease development. The method of soil preparation for sowing in the majority of cases had a significant effect on the sanitary state of crops. Plough skimming + deep ploughing and, to a lesser extent also subsoiling + medium ploughing, reduced the occurrence of all winter wheat diseases as well as foot-rot diseases of spring barley and oats. On the other hand, plough skimming + cultivator based cultivation-sowing equipment and, to a lesser extent also rotary-harrow type equipment, had a stimulating effect on the development of diseases, especially foot-rot.