Spatial Pattern of Soil Erosion in Relation to Land Use Change in a Rolling Hilly Region of Northeast China

The black soil region in Northeast China is one of the major grain-producing areas of China. Soil erosion in the black soil region caused by natural factors and anthropic activities has attracted much attention, especially in a rolling hilly region. Compared with natural factors, the land use factor of cropland encompasses the most easily optimized measures. Jiutai County of Changchun City, located in the hilly areas of Northeast China, was taken as an example to calculate the soil erosion modulus using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model. The overall soil erosion status of cultivated land in the study area was mainly slight and light, the proportion of cultivated land affected by extremely intensive and severe erosion was relatively small, and the average soil erosion modulus was 7.09 t·hm⁻²·a⁻¹ in 2019. In view of spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion revealed by the spatial aggregation and hot spot analysis, the most serious soil erosion intensity was concentrated in the southeast and northeast sloping farmland over 8°. With the increase in elevation and topographic slope, the proportion of slight and light soil erosion gradually decreased, which was closely related to the increase in soil erodibility caused by the space–time migration of soil organic carbon caused by the interaction of hydraulic and tillage erosion in complex topographic areas. The Geographically Weighted Regression model was introduced to explore the driving factors and superposition mechanism of farmland soil erosion in the hilly region of Northeast China. Based on the relationship between soil erosion and landscape fragmentation, landscape fragmentation was an important driving force promoting soil erosion, sediment yield, and sediment transport. This paper is committed to providing a basis for accurately deploying regional soil and water conservation measures and formulating macro land management policies.