STRUCTURE OF SOIL COMPLEXES OF MICROSCOPIC FUNGI UNDER DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF BROAD BEANS

Considering of broad beans as an integral component of biological crop rotations, the presence of phytopathogenic, toxigenic, opportunistic, and allergenic microscopic fungi in soils under their different varieties should be examined. At the Botanical garden BelSU (Belgorod) on a natural infectious background were grown and studied of 16 different broad beans varieties. Were taking into account the indicators of frequency of occurrence and abundance of species, they determined the structures of soil mycocomplexes under different varieties. Analysis of the data showed that most micromycetes in the rhizosphere under bean varieties belonged to the Ascomycota division, which is part of it as 4th classes of Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Saccharomycetes. The species diversity of the soil mycobiota of steaming soil was characterized by 26 species, and under the studied bean varieties 57 species of fungi were identified. In the mycocomplex under varieties, species of different ranks of frequency of occurrence developed that were not noted in the paring soil: Alternaria tenuissima and Stemphyllium solani were rarely and accidentally found in the control soil, but they were not found in under the beans during budding – flowering. This can be explained by the fact that a different composition of exudates in the root zone of the soil under the plants contributes to the development of different types of microorganisms. In the complex of micromycetes under the beans, the share of toxigenic species increased by 2.5-29%, opportunistic species - by 1.3-31%, allergens - by 2-24% compared with the soaring soil. In the soil, an abundance of opportunistic and allergenic species capable of inducing mycoses and allergies in humans can be reduced by the broad bean varieties Aquadul, White large-fruited, Russian Black, Velena, Summer Resident, Leader, Optics, Pink Flamingo, Yankel Byala. After the cultivation of the beans the phytopathogenic species Ascochyta fabae, Clasdosporium herbarum, Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Ulocladium botrytis, remain in the soil and this fact must be considered when selecting the next crop in crop rotation.