Scientific and Technological Potential as the Main Factor for Agricultural Mechanization Development

The priority direction for the scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex is shown to be the transition to advanced digital smart technologies, robotic systems, new materials and design methods, to artificial intelligence. The importance of further evolution is noted for such areas as agro-engineering science and education, cooperation of agro-engineering institutions, innovative approaches and solutions that reflect the current state and tendencies in the development of the agro-industrial complex. The relevance is substantiated for studying the experience of the foundation and development of a system of agro-engineering scientific institutes, agro-engineering universities, machine trial stations, whose coordinated activity made it possible to form a powerful scientific and technological potential, build a multi-profile integrated agro-industrial production and ensure the country's food security.Research purpose To identify the general evolutionary factors in the development of specialized infrastructure institutions, the key development features of a scientific agro-engineering platform for creating the domestic systems and complexes of agricultural machines.Materials and methods Established the chronological framework of the study, noting the features of the three main periods of the last century. Characterized the reforms of agroengineering scientific and educational institutions.Results and discussion The evolutionary factors of the formation of agroengineering universities, scientific institutions, machine testing stations in 1920-2020 are investigated and identified.Conclusions It is proved that the formed and continuously developing scientific and technological potential became the basis for creating the systems of highly efficient agricultural machinery and equipment, contributed to the agriculture transformation into a highly efficient mechanized production and ensured the country's food security.