Objectives of this review were to present the state of the art of the technologies used to develop cultivars inallogamous species, excluding the perennial and asexually propagated species. It was reviewed the genetic structure of these speciesand its relationship with the development of cultivars, the technologies used to develop hybrids and improved open-pollinatedvarieties and their F1´s, and the impact of the biotechnology and the mixed models on the development of cultivars. A summary ofresults from the researches developed in the maize breeding project at the Department of Genetics of the Agriculture College “Luizde Queiroz” will be presented.
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