Uses, Knowledge and Extinction Risk Faced by <i>Agave</i> Species in Mexico

We compiled an updated database of all <i>Agave</i> species found in Mexico and analyzed it with specific criteria according to their biological parameters to evaluate the conservation and knowledge status of each species. Analyzing the present status of all <i>Agave</i> species not only provides crucial information for each species, but also helps determine which ones require special protection, especially those which are heavily used or cultivated for the production of distilled beverages. We conducted an extensive literature review search and compiled the conservation status of each species using mainstream criteria by IUCN. The information gaps in the database indicate a lack of knowledge and research regarding specific <i>Agave</i> species and it validates the need to conduct more studies on this genus. In total, 168 <i>Agave</i> species were included in our study, from which 89 are in the subgenus <i>Agave</i> and 79 in the subgenus <i>Littaea</i>. <i>Agave lurida</i> and <i>A. nizandensis</i>, in the subgenus <i>Agave</i> and <i>Littaea</i>, respectively, are severely endangered, due to their endemism, lack of knowledge about pollinators and floral visitors, and their endangered status according to the IUCN Red List. Some species are at risk due to the loss of genetic diversity resulting from production practices (i.e., <i>Agave tequilana</i>), and others because of excessive and unchecked overharvesting of wild plants, such as <i>A. guadalajarana</i>, <i>A. victoriae-reginae</i>, <i>A. kristenii</i>, and others. Given the huge economic and ecological importance of plants in the genus <i>Agave</i>, our review will be a milestone to ensure their future and continued provision of ecosystem services for humans, as well as encouraging further research in <i>Agave</i> species in an effort to enhance awareness of their conservation needs and sustainable use, and the implementation of eco-friendly practices in the species management.