Phytochemical Assessment of Native Ecuadorian Peppers (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.) and Correlation Analysis to Fruit Phenomics
2020
Carlos A. García-González | Cristina Silvar
In this work, the impact of pepper (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.) fruits morphology on their composition for health-promoting compounds was investigated. For that purpose, pepper accessions from Ecuador, one of the hotspots in <i>Capsicum</i>’s origin, were analyzed for ascorbic acid, polyphenols, capsaicinoids, and prevention of cholesterol oxidation. Plant and fruit phenomics were assessed with conventional descriptors and Tomato Analyzer digital traits. Significant differences among accessions and species revealed a large diversity within the collection. The <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> group displayed the highest levels of capsaicinoids, whereas the polyphenols shortly varied among the five domesticated species. <i>Capsicum pubescens</i> exhibited the lowest content of ascorbic acid. The conventional descriptors describing the magnitude of plants and fruits, as well as digital attributes under the categories of size, shape index, and latitudinal section, mostly explained the variance among <i>Capsicum</i> groups. Correlation test revealed that phytochemical components were negatively correlated with the morphometric fruit attributes, suggesting that huge fruits contained lower amounts of nutraceutical compounds. Multivariate analysis showed that parameters related to fruit size, shape, and nutraceutical composition primarily contribute to the arrangement of pepper accessions. Such results suggested that those traits have been subjected to higher selection pressures imposed by humans.
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