Genotyping of Jujube (<i>Ziziphus</i> spp.) Germplasm in New Mexico and Southwestern Texas
2023
Dikshya Sapkota | Dapeng Zhang | Sunchung Park | Lyndel W. Meinhardt | Shengrui Yao
Since the early 19th century, a substantial amount of jujube (<i>Ziziphus</i> spp.) germplasm has been introduced from China and Europe into the United States. However, due to a lack of passport data, cultivar mislabeling is common and the genetic background of the introduced germplasm remains unknown. In the present study, a low-density SNP array was employed to genotype 204 jujube trees sampled from multiple locations in New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, and Kentucky. Multilocus matching of SNP profiles revealed a significant rate of genetic redundancy among these jujube samples. A total of 14 synonymous groups were detected, comprising 48 accessions. Bayesian clustering analysis and neighbor-joining tree partitioned the US jujube germplasm into two major clusters. The first cluster included cultivated genotypes (<i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill.), whereas the other major cluster comprised the wild/sour jujube (<i>Ziziphus spinosa</i> Hu.). The results also revealed a unique jujube population at Fabens/Tornillo, Texas, and a semi-naturalized population at Tucumcari, NM. These findings will provide valuable guidance to jujube growers and researchers on the effective utilization of jujube germplasm in the horticultural industry.
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