Remediation of River Water Contaminated with Whey Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants in a Tropical Environment
2023
Nicolás Francisco Mateo-Díaz | Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo | Florentina Zurita | Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo | Graciela Nani | Eduardo Fernández-Echeverría | Gregorio Fernández-Lambert | Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSFWs) planted with <i>Hippeastrum striatum</i> and <i>Heliconia lastisphata</i> for the treatment of contaminated river waters by wastewater from the dairy industry (WDI) and domestic wastewater in tropical climates over a study period of 136 days. Cell with a real volume of 780,000 mL and a flow rate of 1.805 mL s<sup>−1</sup>. The hydraulic retention time was determined to be 5 days. 12 individuals of <i>Hippeastrum striatum</i> were planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other in one cell, while in another cell, 12 individuals of <i>Heliconia</i> spp. were planted. An adaptation period was determined for both species. Subsequently, the experiment was started, and the elimination percentages obtained were as follows: COD: 67.94 ± 1.39%, 63.17 ± 2.63%; TSS: 56.49 ± 5.73%, 48.78 ± 5.87%; N-NH<sub>4</sub>: 51.06 ± 2.16%, 50.80 ± 1.91%; TN: 44.36 ± 5.73%, 30.59 ± 5.87%; TP: 47.00 ± 5.32%, 35.57 ± 4.06%; DO: 50.23 ± 1.61%, 47.74 ± 1.34%; and pH: 6.81 ± 0.07, 6.52 ± 0.1, for <i>Heliconia lastisphata</i> and <i>Hippeastrum striatum</i>, respectively. These results demonstrate that both macrophyte species can be used for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry using HSSFWs; cheese factories could be involved in the development of constructed wetland systems to reduce the environmental impact of the industry.
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