The content of saturated fatty acids in the blood plasma of cows in the winter period depends on autonomic nervous regulation

The tone of the autonomic nervous system is one of the key systems of the nervous system in regulating homeostasis. In turn, this can affect the metabolism of organic substances in the animal's body, which is reflected in physiological indicators. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system on the content of saturated fatty acids. Groups of animals were formed according to Baesky’s method, according to which they were divided into three groups: normotonic, sympathotonic, and vagotonic. Blood was collected in winter. Chromatographic research revealed the following: caproic acid in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.01) is 0.15 % less compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.01) and 0.15 % more compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Caprylic acid is 0.28 % more in normotonic (1.19 ± 0.05) compared to sympathotonic (P ≤ 0.001) and, comparing the indicators with the third group, 0.37 % more than vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Lauric acid in normotonic (0.54 ± 0.03) is higher than vagotonic by 0.13 % (P ≤ 0.01). Myristic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (2.62 ± 0.08) compared to sympathotonic by 0.30 % (P ≤ 0.001). Palmitic acid is 2.95 % less in normotonic (17.59 ± 0.46) compared to vagotonic (P ≤ 0.001). Arachidic acid has a lower percentage ratio in normotonic (0.21 ± 0.01) compared to sympathotonic by 0.08 % less (P ≤ 0.001). Cows belonging to the normotonic group have the most saturated fatty acids: capric (1.19 ± 0.05), lauric (0.54 ± 0.03); and the least myristic (2.62 ± 0.08) and arachidic (0.21 ± 0.01). Animals belonging to the group of sympathotonic have the most saturated fatty acids: caproic (1.18 ± 0.04), myristic (2.92 ± 0.03) and arachidic (0.29 ± 0.01). Cows belonging to the group of vagotonic have the least saturated fatty acids: caproic (0.88 ± 0.01), capric (0.82 ± 0.03) and lauric (0.41 ± 0.01); the most palmitic acid (20.54 ± 0.16). Considering all factors, we can conclude that the tone of the autonomic nervous system in the body of cows plays an indirect role in the metabolism of saturated fatty acids in blood plasma. This can be facilitated by the influence of the departments of this nervous system, namely the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which, depending on the peculiarities of the animal's physiological state, affect the body as a whole.