Occurrence of diarrhea associated with porcine deltacoronavirus
2016
Niira, K. (Tochigi Prefectural Kennan Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Tochigi-shi, Tochigi (Japan)) | Minami, A. | Hirano, K. | Hamatani, K. | Abe, T. | Usami, Y.
Sows and piglets on a farrow-nursery pig farm with 700 sows developed diarrhea on April 7, 2014, and some of the piglets also vomited. Although almost all of the pigs developed diarrhea over a period of several days, the mortality rate did not increase, and the symptoms decreased after approximately two weeks. We collected 22 fecal samples for viral examination as well as samples for pathological analysis from two suckling piglets which had developed diarrhea. The stomachs of the suckling piglets were filled with curdled milk, and their jejunal mesentery lymph nodes were slightly swollen. Histopathological examination showed atrophy and fusion of the intestinal villi and cuboidalization of the mucosal epithelial cells in the small intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemical examination showed no specific antigen of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and rotavirus. However, specific RNAs of the porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) were detected in 14 fecal samples and the intestinal content samples of the two suckling pigs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The specific RNAs detected from the content samples obtained from the small intestine had more than 99.8% nucleotide identity with PDCoV strains previously detected in the United States and China. Because specific RNAs of PDCoV were not detected by RT-PCR assay in the 30 fecal samples collected on August 9, 2014, it was inferred that the diarrhea had subsided. The diarrhea was suggested to be associated with PDCoV, as RNAs of this virus were detected in the samples collected during the diarrhea outbreak.
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