Narrow versus broad: sexual dimorphism in the wing form of western European species of the subgenus Avaritia ( Culicoides , Ceratopogonidae)
2021
Muñoz‐muñoz, Francesc | Pagès, Nonito | Durao, Ana. | England, Marion | Werner, Doreen | Talavera, Sandra | Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) | Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal [UAB, Spain] (CReSA) ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) | Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | The Pirbright Institute ; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) | Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) | We also thank the Departament d'Agricultura, Alimentacio i Accio Rural (DAR) for financing the BT Entomological Surveillance Network and for logistic support. We thank Dr. Simon Carpenter (The Pirbright Institute, UK) for consultation on this manuscript and SOren Achim Nielsen for kindly providing samples from Sweden. This study was partly financed by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias (project number FAU2008-00019-C03). Marion England is funded by the United Kingdom national Culicoides laboratory (Defra).
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. While wing form is known to differ between males and females of the genus Culicoides, detailed studies of sexual dimorphism are lacking. In this study, we analyze sex-specific differences in the wing form of 5 species of the subgenus Avaritia, using geometric morphometrics and comparative phylogenetic methods. Our results confirm the existence of marked sexual dimorphism in the wing form of the studied species and reveal for the first time that while there is a shared general pattern of sexual shape dimorphism within the subgenus, sexual size dimorphism, and particular features of sexual shape dimorphism differ among species. Sexual shape dimorphism was found to be poorly associated to size and the evolutionary history of the species. The tight association of sexual shape dimorphism with aspect ratio suggests that the shape of the wing is optimized for the type of flight of each sex, that is, dispersal flight in females versus aerobatic flight in males. Moreover, the fact that interspecific shape differences are greater and more strongly associated to aspect ratio in males than in females might be indicating that in males the selective pressures affecting flight performance characteristics are more heterogeneous and/or stronger than in females among the studied species
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