Octopus diet during the settlement period using DNA metabarcoding

19 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-024-09875-x.-- Data availability: Genetic data underlying this article are available in the GenBank Nucleotide Database at https:// www.ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ genba nk/ and can be accessed with the Gen- Bank accession numbers OR131649–OR131744. The FastQ files can be accessed within the GenBank Nucleotide Database with the BioProject accession number PRJNA984187. Additional material is available in Online Resources

The settlement phase is a challenging period for meropelagic octopus, as they adapt to their new life in the sea bottom after a planktonic period. Their ecology and trophic interactions with the surrounding fauna in the wild are practically unknown. To understand their predatory role in the littoral zone, the diet of recently settled Octopus vulgaris from a Mediterranean sandy bottom was studied through molecular methods. Amphipods were present in all the analysed stomach contents, with a total of 20 amphipod taxa recorded as prey. Jassa slatteryi and Microprotopus maculatus were the most commonly found amphipod species. Hydrozoans, decapod crustaceans, cephalopods and bivalves followed amphipods in importance. Niche breadth index assigned to small recently settled octopus the role of a specialised predator, increasing the diversity of prey as they grow. Larger juveniles displayed a higher number of prey taxa suggesting a decreasing predatory specialisation with octopus size and an ontogenetic shift in trophic ecology from diet mainly based on amphipods to a richer diet. The considerable arm elongation and the strong muscular arm crown development after settlement probably allow the juvenile benthic octopus to develop ambush predation and speculative hunting, increasing the range of potential benthic prey species along its adaptation to the benthos

Funding was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (OCTOSET, Ref. RTI2018-097908-B-I00; ECOPHYN, Ref. PID2021-126824NB-C32; MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU), and the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). F.Á.F.-Á. was supported by a JdC-I Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant (Ref. IJC2020-043170-I) awarded by MCIN/AEI /https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by a Beatriu de Pinós fellowship from Secretaria d´Universitats i Recerca del Departament de Recerca i Universitats of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Ref. BP 2021 00035). [...] Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature

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